Discussion and Research on the Impact of the Anti- Japanese War on the Transformation of Chongqing's Higher Education Concept Model (1937-1945)

Abstract

The Anti-Japanese War catalysed a profound transformation in Chongqing’s higher education system, with the city emerging as a sanctuary for students and scholars fleeing the conflict, which was both devastating and costly for China. This study explores the influence of the Anti-Japanese War on the evolution of Chongqing’s higher education model within the broader context of China’s educational framework. The research considers five key variables: the higher education model, curriculum, enrolment, institutional support, faculty, and student outcomes. A traditional literature review approach was employed, processing a total of 147 articles using MAXQDA software. The study highlights the significant role of the Anti-Japanese War in reshaping Chongqing’s higher education model, particularly in fostering a practical, hands-on approach to education, alongside promoting national unity and patriotism. Furthermore, the support provided by institutions, as well as faculty qualifications and experience, were identified as crucial factors influencing student outcomes. The study also emphasised the teaching and learning styles as key links between the independent and dependent variables. Moreover, the research identified cultural and historical contexts, political and ideological influences, as well as globalisation and internationalisation, as significant moderating factors. The findings offer valuable implications for policymakers, educators, and academics. The paper also acknowledges certain limitations and suggests avenues for further investigation in this area.