With the in-depth development of data mining technology and quality education, the teaching of PE public curriculum in colleges and universities has become an important component in the comprehensive cultivation of students’ ability and quality. However, there are many problems in the PE public curriculum in colleges and universities in China. For example, the teaching contents are outdated; the physical education teaching method is single; and it is difficult to satisfy the individualized needs of students. As the most popular courses on the Internet in recent years, MOOC has broken the fixed study time and place so that students can arrange the learning content and plan according to their own interests. This can truly realize the personalized education and open up the new mode of PE public curriculum in colleges and universities. Therefore, the paper takes data mining technology and MOOC teaching mode as the basis of theoretical research, makes a reasonable evaluation of the traditional teaching mode of colleges and universities and then establishes the flipped classroom and hybrid teaching mode of PE public curriculum in colleges and universities under the MOOC teaching mode. Finally, the specific implementation of the MOOC teaching mode is given.