The importance of mobile technologies in the educational process has directed the attention of many researchers to this field and has created an important body of academic research. The main purpose of this study is to determine the effect of mobile learning on students' learning performance. In this study, the meta-analysis method was employed. The literature was reviewed through different databases in order to access the relevant researches within the scope of the study. After reviewing the literature, study aspects and inclusion criteria were applied. The studies to be included in the meta-analysis were examined, and 104 studies conducted between the years of 2009 and 2019 that met the inclusion criteria were subjected to a meta-analysis. Education level, course/subject and the implementation period of the studies were determined as moderating variables. The sample of the study consists of 7,568 participants. As a result of the analysis performed according to the random effects model, the mean effect size value was calculated as 0.85 with an error of 0.07. It was determined that there was no publication bias in the meta-analysis. According to the results of the moderator analysis, it was found that the effect of mobile learning on the learning performance of the students did not change according to the education level and the implementation period, but it changed according to the course/subject. In addition to the aforementioned research results, this article also contains descriptive analysis of the results of the studies included in the meta-analysis.