Along with the reform of state enterprises and the progress of science and technology, big data technology has been fully applied in state-owned enterprises. There exists waste of human resource management and the unreasonable service mode both in the education and skill training of state-owned enterprise employees. Based on this, the study takes the problems existing in the education and training of state-owned enterprise employees as the research direction under the background of big data, and innovates upon the management optimization strategy for the managers, technicians and operators in the educational mode. Then, according to the multiple regression analysis method, this study establishes an evaluation model for the effect of employee training. Finally, it analyzes the results of the research data of the state-owned enterprises reasonable and puts forward reasonable suggestions.