This paper aims to disclose the effect of cognitive training on English learning. For this purpose, the author reviews the existing computer-aided cognitive-training programs, and developed a targeted cognitive-training approach based on electroencephalography (EEG)-neurofeedback (NFB). Then the approach was applied to a randomized controlled test on the cognition and perception of English learners. The experimental results show that the participants in the test group witnessed significant progress in English learning skills and communicative competence, and post-NFB alpha magnitude could increase independent of NFB conditions. The research findings provide new insights into the application of cognitive training based on NFB-EEG.