The folk music is rich in the variety and content with a long history, and can be better preserved and inherited through folk music education. This paper, targeted at the main problems in the folk music education, analyzed the benefits of Chinese traditional culture for folk music education and the significance of the successful folk music education for further prosperity of Chinese traditional culture. The research results of this paper make up for the insufficient analysis of the correlation between folk music education and Chinese traditional culture in previous studies, and serves as a critical guide for the cultivation of students’ folk music competency, inheritance and promotion of folk music, and development of Chinese traditional culture.