This paper takes college students’ ideological and political education ideology construction and values as the research goal, and uses the methods of literature analysis, interdisciplinary research and questionnaires to study the ideology construction of ideological and political education of college students in China and the status quo of their values, it summarizes current problems of diversified ideals and beliefs and complex value orientations in college students’ ideological and political education ideology construction and values. This paper analyzes the main causes of the problems, based on the survey results, it follows the laws of brain science and brain activities, makes full use of the relevant research results of cognitive science and social psychology, and explores the ideology construction of college students’ ideological and political education and their values from the three aspects of the characteristics, classification and essence of ideological and political education cognition, and provides a theoretical basis for promoting the effectiveness of college students’ ideological and political education construction.