The quality of human resources in a country or region will exert a great impact on its economic development. With the development of high-end science and technology, this impact will become more obvious. However, in terms of China’s investment in public education resources in recent years, there is a huge gap compared with developed countries and even the international average level. By summarizing the rapid economic development experience of the United States, Japan and South Korea, this paper studies the role of educational investment in China’s economy based on coordinated development theory, and explores the factors that play a central role in China’s future economic development. It is concluded that only by increasing investment in education, especially in primary education, and improving the quality of human resources can the economy in country continue to grow.