The smooth development of ideological and political education in colleges and universities requires the establishment of a relatively perfect performance evaluation system of ideological and political education, which is of great significance for strengthening the construction of the basic theory of ideological and political education in colleges and universities and promoting the improvement of the quality of ideological and political education in China. Based on the fuzzy evaluation method, this paper establishes the performance evaluation index system of ideological and political education for college students in China, which mainly includes 14 indexes in five aspects such as education process, policy implementation, subject, information system, input and environment. Based on the case study of Harbin University of Engineering in Heilongjiang Province, it is concluded that the results of ideological and political education performance evaluation are excellent, thus providing useful reference for the practice of ideological and political education performance evaluation in colleges and universities and effectively solving the fuzziness and uncertainty in the performance evaluation of ideological and political education in colleges and universities.