As the world’s second largest economy, China occupies a pivotal position on the international stage, which makes Chinese a very commercial language today. Language is closely related to philosophy in cognitive science. Philosophical thoughts in different periods directly influence the development of language research. The experiential philosophy developed on the basis of the criticism of the traditional philosophical view, insisting that language is formed under the influence of human experience and cognition. The language is studied according to the principle of “reality-cognition-language”, so the experience philosophy has also become the philosophical foundation of cognitive linguistics. Based on the theory of cognitive linguistic philosophy, this paper takes the Chinese teaching in middle schools in Myanmar as the research object, investigates the Chinese teaching situation in Myanmar middle schools, and analyzes the specific situation of Chinese language development in middle schools. Furthermore, it sums up the problems in the development of overseas Chinese teaching and gives some feasible suggestions. At the same time, it is also hoped that the problems in Chinese teaching management, Chinese teaching implementation, and classroom management will be improved, thus promoting the further professionalization and scientificization of overseas Chinese teaching.