The practice of sports teaching is the main direction and foundation of the effectiveness of sports innovation course teaching, and it is also the process of arranging, testing and guiding teaching in the course of teaching. However, at present, it is still urgent to solve the effectiveness analysis and quality evaluation of sports teaching innovation. In the teaching work and practice of sports teaching innovation, a great deal of practical data information needs to be stored, researched and analyzed. In the face of huge data estimation and understanding, it is common to use manual processing at present, resulting in the poor expression and availability of these data. This paper is aimed at how to make use of the large amount of data produced in the teaching practice efficiently and reasonably, and puts forward a research model of effectiveness analysis and teaching quality evaluation of innovative teaching of sports based on the idea of large data mining. It has been proved to be feasible and scientific in the teaching practice.