Many researches show that college students are not keen in learning vocal music, and their satisfaction with vocal music teaching is low. How to improve the teaching effect of vocal music teaching in colleges and universities has become a popular concern. Under this background, this study introduces pronunciation training into the vocal music teaching in colleges and universities, and probes into the promoting effect of pronunciation training on the teaching effect of vocal music in colleges and universities. The results show that pronunciation training can increase students’ basic knowledge of music theory, enhance their basic understanding of vocal music, improve their interest in learning vocal music, and finally improve the practical effect of vocal music teaching in colleges and universities. This study is of practical guiding significance to the development of vocal music teaching in colleges and universities, especially non-art colleges and universities.