Psychological stress is the main factor affecting people’s health. It is very important to measure psychological stress, evaluate and intervene in human psychological health under stress. In order to evaluate the psychological health state of college students under examination stress, this study collects and analyzes EEG signal of college students with examination stress based on EEG neuroscience. The results show that genetic algorithm (GA) optimization can significantly improve the accuracy of test set, indicating that GA has strong generalization ability in the process of optimization, and it is feasible to use EEG data to analyze and evaluate the psychological health state of college students under examination stress. The EEG signal of college students with and without examination stress shows the shape of unimodal arch, and the EEG signal in the two states is multi-fractal. Different subjects have different stress and psychological states in the experimental test with big differences. College students with higher examination stress are more likely to face psychological health problems.