Minority language education is an important and non-exclusive way to promote the inheritance of national language and culture, in various sovereign countries, its realization degree and obtained effect are different. Based on affirmation of the value of national language education, this paper analyzes three kinds of theoretical basis of national language education in international documents, namely the emphasis of culture, the realization of linguistic diversity and the wide adoption of human rights discourse, so as to urge sovereign countries to take their international obligation of national language education seriously and fulfil it, and to promote the renewal and development of national language education in the new era.