This paper aims to identify the psychological features of ant tribe young intellectuals (ATYIs) and the influencing factors of the ATYIs’ moral choice. Based on the Lawrence Kohlberg’s stages of moral development, the author discussed the influencing factors of the ATYIs’ moral choice from the perspective of cognitive neuroscience. Then, the psychological features and moral judgement abilities of the ATYIs were determined through field trips, interviews and a questionnaire survey on 904 college graduates across China. The questionnaire involves four psychological test scales, namely Positive PsyCap Questionnaire (PPQ), Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90), Adult Dispositional Hope Scale (ADHS), and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). The research results show that the ATYIs’ moral choice is influenced by psychological factors, and that, with the improvement of the psychological quality of the ATYIs, their moral judgement ability will be greatly enhanced, leading to better moral choices.