The postgraduate education in China has been promoted by the increasing focus on the talent cultivation and education development. At this stage, however, the efficiency of postgraduate education resources allocation still lingers on a low level in China. In view of the problem, the traditional CCR model was improved and, together with data envelopment analysis (DEA) model and the Lingo software, used to perform regional and cluster analysis on the efficiency of postgraduate education resources allocation. The results show that: the eastern region is the leader in resource allocation efficiency, the overall situation in the central region is better than that in the western region, and the western region is narrowing the gap with the central and eastern regions. Moreover, all the provincial-level administrative regions (hereinafter referred to as provinces) in the Chinese mainland were allocated to five groups, and the province with the highest efficiency in each group was taken as the reference standard for the corresponding group, so that the other provinces in the group could learn from the relevant experience of the reference standard.