This study examines education in the Al-Kharj Governorate. Prior to the establishment of formal schooling, education in Al-Kharj was imparted through Quranic and Hadith study circles, as well as reading and writing sessions. Many residents acquired their education through these means, subsequently serving as judges and teachers. Following the unification of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, these study circles evolved into kuttabs and later transitioned into formal schools. The first formal school in Al-Kharj, Thumamah bin Athal School, was established in 1362 AH and was initially known as Waziriya School. The expansion of educational institutions continued, culminating in a total of 530 schools: 130 boys’ schools accommodating 24,222 students, 167 girls’ schools catering to 42,692 students, and a total of 4,739 teachers. Furthermore, there are 45 private schools for both boys and girls, five international schools, the Scientific Institute, the Secondary Agricultural Institute, the Vocational and Technical Training Centre, the Technical College, and Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University. The Girls' College of Education, which initially functioned as a medium college before evolving into a college of education, preceded its two branches: scientific and literary. The study is structured into three sections: the first examines education prior to the unification of the Kingdom, the second discusses the early stages of education in Al-Kharj, and the third explores its development and future prospects.