The basic purpose of this research was to analyze the impact of curriculum, institutional climate, social support, self-efficacy on preventive health behavior. This study also evaluated the mediating effect of self-efficacy as well. The questionnaire approach was adopted in this study because the research was cross-sectional and quantitative. The data were collected from 384 students at Thai universities. For this purpose, simple random sampling was adopted. The usable response rate of the study was 76.30%. This data was examined using smart PLS 3.3.2. The result of the study shows that curriculum, institutional climate, social support has a positive effect on self-efficacy. Moreover, self-efficacy also has a positive relationship with preventive health behavior. On the other hand, the mediation effect of self-efficacy is statistically supported in this study as well. The study fills the gap of limited studies regarding preventive health behavior in the higher education sector. This study also fills the gap of limited studies measuring the effect of different variables on preventive health behavior in the education sector. These findings are helpful for the policymakers of the educational sector.